|
|
A case study comparing discursive strategies employed by a child at both pre and early school years as they seek to make sense of the world that surrounds them
ŠIMKOVÁ, Marie
The present thesis aims to analyse a narrative interaction between a child (Natálka) and an adult with regard to discursive strategies employed in the context of imagination and creativity. I applied the method of Conversation Analysis to the examination of the transcribed audio recordings that were taken in 2018 and at the turn of 2020 during the interaction between Natálka and myself. An analysis of the data identified that in the child's repertoire the following practices were present: (1) linking two or more episodes in a conversation, (2) asking questions, (3) separating individual topics, and (4) using other discourse elements; concretely humour, exaggeration, and negotiation techniques. The first part of the thesis sets out the discursive practices examined and argues for the insights these provide into the imagination and creativity of a child. The analysis, which is undertaken in the form of a case study, subsequently maps the use of the selected strategies developed over two years of Natálka's life and characterises how these changes reflect the child's cognitive development.
|
|
|
UNDERSTANDING THE CHARACTER OF SHERLOCK HOLMES AS IT EMERGES THROUGH HIS COMMUNICATIVE INTERACTIONS IN THE BRITISH TV SERIES SHERLOCK BBC (2010)
ČEŠKOVÁ, Karolína
This thesis aims to introduce the character of Sherlock Holmes through his communicative interaction in the British series Sherlock BBC (2010). It centres spoken discourse as the main means of illustrating interpersonal communication, the examination of which provides an insight into how the character of Sherlock Holmes emerges and evolves in the genre of TV. Focusing on observing a fictional character on the basis of his communicative interactions, the thesis then introduces the medium of fictional conversation. This knowledge is subsequently applied to the analysis of understanding the character of Sherlock Holmes in chosen episodes of Sherlock BBC (2010). In evaluating the discursive interactions, I identified and confirmed the classic features of Sherlock's salient vices deduced from the comparative analysis of the original prose and the early TV adaptation, which I supplement with the teleportation to 21st century London. Three key aspects forming the fictional character of Sherlock Holmes were found prevalent through the analysis of particular episodes, drawing on the original Doyle's stories.
|
|
|
Function of Pragmatic Markers in Political Interviews Based on Pragmatic and Sociolinguistic Research
MÁLKOVÁ, Jana
The thesis focuses on the occurrence and communicative function of pragmatic markers as interactive reinforcement between the interviewer and the interviewee in three political interviews found on the Internet. The analysis is based on pragmatic and sociolinguistic research. At first, terminology which is necessary for understanding the following analysis is introduced. Then, corpora as well as speakers are described. Attention is paid to background data, which can influence the occurrence, frequency and function of the markers. The thesis also observes several interpretations of the term ``pragmatic marker{\crqq}. A detailed examination of individual pragmatic markers adopting the quantitative as well as qualitative approach follows. The occurrence, frequency and function of pragmatic markers in this genre is summarised at the end of the work.
|
|
|
Turn-taking in an institutional discourse
Vaníčková, Klára ; Nekvapil, Jiří (advisor) ; Mrázková, Kamila (referee)
(in English): The thesis focuses on introducing a new topic in a conversation during meetings of Student Council of Faculty of Arts, Charles University (SR). To analyse 19 examples from SR environment, conversation analysis and unmotivated research were used. These methods confirmed the hypothesis - speakers follow the official rules of the organization during meetings. In conversations they proceed systematically; new topics are introduced by a chairman who also allows other speakers to start talking. Introducing of new topics is conditioned by the situation. If a remarkable situational action occurs, it becomes dominant in the conversation; however, after a solution has been reached, speakers return to the previous topic on the base of its re-introduction by a chairman.
|
|
|
Intercultural mass media communication and the search of perfect language
Tesařová, Kristýna ; Šoltys, Otakar (advisor) ; Dvořák, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is a qualitative analysis of a media dialogical network's extract regarding chemical attack in Syria on 21st August 2013. In spite of the fact that main social participant in the subsequent international conflict, representatives of United States of America and Syria, president Obama, Secretary of State Kerry on one side and president Assad on the other side, have never actually met face to face, mass media interconnected their reactions into a coherent dialogue between west and east civilization and they accepted it as a part of intercultural negotiation of different meanings and interpretations of reality within a global mass media discourse. Methodological apparatus of conversation analysis and membership categorization analysis provides a tool to observe sequential and categorization aspects of a dynamic intertextual process of specification and respecification of the core cultural and political values in context. Thanks to the term structured immediacy it was also possible to consider sequential ordering of antecendents of the event in historical continuum. This analysis is based on ethnomethodological research of social interaction in mass media and is inspired by articles of J. Nekvapil und I. Leudar, which were dedicated to the analysis of intercultural...
|
|
|
Extreme Case Formulations in the Research Interview
Zaepernicková, Eliška ; Nekvapil, Jiří (advisor) ; Havlík, Martin (referee)
The following thesis analyses the form and importance of extreme case formulations based on more than 10 research interviews. Extreme case formulations, i.e. formulations comprising expressions such as "nothing", "everything" or "noone", which present a phenomenon or a circumstance according to its minimal or maximal properties, can constitute a complication in the analysis of research interviews. This thesis expand the existing hypothesis of extreme case formulations by adding new findings, for example the bipolarity of extreme case formulations. In the analysed data, these do often occur together with different clasifiers, which either weaken (softeners) or strengthen (intensifiers) their extreme force. At the same time the following thesis broadens the research of extreme case formulations of interdisciplinary approach, which uses the findings from psychology and rhetoric. The conducted research is furthermore completed with the acoustic analysis of semantically extreme formulations, whose results show that extreme case formulations often tend to be acoustically emphasized. Keywords: extreme case formulation, conversation analysis, discourse analysis, interview, Czech
|
|
|
Compliments in informal private discourse
Dvořáková, Klára ; Filippová, Eva (advisor) ; Saicová Římalová, Lucie (referee)
1 Abstract The aim of this thesis is to analyze communication functions, verbal and nonverbal means of compliments in Czech which occur in private informal discourse. Material for this analysis was collected from audiovisual and audio recordings of communication between family members and friends. As for the identification of the communication functions of compliments the method of conversation analysis was chosen. Functional classification was created based on the location of compliments in global organization of conversation, linguistic form of compliments and actions that compliments are performing or accompanying. Another part of this thesis is devoted to the analysis of verbal and nonverbal means used at complimenting. The structures, lexical units and the most significant nonverbal means used in the production of compliments were identified. For the purpose of comprehensive description of compliment sequences we also analyze reactions to compliments.
|
|
|
Theoretical and Methodological Problems Related to a Sociolinguistic Analysis of Conversation Markers: boludo in Argentinian Spanish
ŠMÍDOVÁ, Markéta
The dissertation thesis aims to identify and describe the key theoretical and methodological problems related to the study of conversation markers and to the collection of authentic data for such an analysis. To illustrate the whole research process, the Argentinian conversation marker boludo as a model example is used. The starting point of the analysis is located at the intersection of conversation analysis, discourse analysis and sociolinguistic paradigms, while taking into account the omnipresent background of pragmatics as well. We try to assess the contribution of such an interdisciplinary approach when studying conversation markers. As for the methodology, the thesis seeks to show what difficulties arise when carrying out a sociolinguistic research of conversation markers, which are understood as units typical of spontaneous conversation, i.e. without external manipulation, in comparison with the variationist research at other language levels. In addition, we also clarify why it is important to evaluate their character not only on the grounds of qualitative and functional perspective (in relation to analysing the socially-indexed interaction markers), but also quantitatively with regards to selected social variables that appear to be relevant for the recurrent use of the given marker. The outcome of the method assessment is an attempt to design a model approach to be applied in practice. In sum, the core of the research consists in analysing the Argentinian marker boludo from different perspectives; namely, within the pragmatic, functional-positional, interactional-sociolinguistic and variationist-sociolinguistic frameworks. Its nature is subsequently compared to the behaviour of another recurrent Argentinian conversation marker, che, since some authors regard them as equivalents. The analyses of naturally-occurring conversation data collected in situ are complemented by introspective judgements of several native speakers.
|
|
|
How children tell stories - the process of storytelling
ŠIMKOVÁ, Marie
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyse the structure and development of storytelling. Creativity, as well as imagination, are integral to the storytelling because they play an important role with regard to the progress of the story. Creativity is presented as the newly created words, which do not exist in the Czech language at all, whereas Natálka´s imagination enables her to include the dark elements, such as crushing the rats. In the thesis, I apply the method of Conversation Analysis to the examination of the transcribed audio recordings that were made during the interaction between me and Natálka.
|
|
|
COMMUNICATION OF CHILDREN AT PLAY: ANALYSIS OF AUTHENTIC DATA RECORDED IN THREE IRISH FAMILIES
BOLINOVÁ, Tereza
The focus of the thesis is communication of three five-year-old children at play. The data were gathered at three related families, then transcribed and analysed. The first part of the work introduces the topic and the speakers. It is followed by methodology, which explains the application of Conversation analysis on the data. The third part of the thesis contains the analysis of talk and intereaction of the three children. The results of observations and a comparison of the strategies in talk are summarised and discussed in the conclusion. The aim of this work is to observe and describe frequent occurrances in the talk of children and tho give an insight into their way of thinking. This outcome could be useful when communicating with a child and possibly help with choosing the right strategy in interaction with them.
|
guest ::
